We discuss clinical indications for extracorporeal methods such as dialysis, which are used to limit the time and degree of exposure of the central nervous system to toxic lithium concentrations.
We discuss treatment strategies aimed at reducing absorption and increasing elimination of lithium. The management of lithium intoxication involves determining the type of intoxication. Lithium intoxication may be life-threatening and associated with longer-term sequelae. We describe both the acute and chronic effects of lithium toxicity. We describe risk factors for lithium intoxication, mechanisms of toxicity and clinical symptoms seen in lithium intoxication. There are three patterns of lithium intoxication: acute, acute-on-chronic and chronic. It has a narrow therapeutic range, and at higher serum lithium levels there is a risk of adverse effects and toxicity. Lithium is a gold standard maintenance treatment in bipolar affective disorder.
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